(Ancient form) According to Collection of Rhymes (Jiyun), this is the same as the current character. According to Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen), it refers to punishing crimes, the legal punishments of a state. It is composed of the radical Well and the radical Knife. The knife guards the well; if someone who drinks from the well falls into the river, the knife guards it to cut off their emotional attachments. According to Rhyme Collection (Yunhui), the Recovery of Antiquity (Fugu Pian) states: it is derived from the radical Knife with the phonetic element kian, meaning to slit the throat. It is formed from the radical Knife and the radical Well, referring to penal law. In modern classics and histories, the characters are commonly used interchangeably. Zi Collection, Page Position: Upper Radical: Knife (dāo) Page 150, Entry 02