Tang Rhymes (Tangyun) states the pronunciation is song (rising tone); Collected Rhymes (Jiyun) states the pronunciation is song (rising tone); Standard Rhymes (Zhengyun) states the pronunciation is song (rising tone). The pronunciation is the same as the character meaning terrified. The meaning is to hold or to lift up. Also, in Book of Rites Rhyme Compendium (Libu Yunlue), it is explained as standing upright. In Du Fu’s Poem on Painting a Falcon, it is written: Standing upright, thinking of the wily hare. The commentary says: This character is the same as the meaning of standing tall. Also, Collected Rhymes (Jiyun) provides the pronunciation as shuang (rising tone). It also means to lift up. Sometimes it is written in a simplified variant form (cheng).