Yu Pian provides the pronunciation as shan. Tang Yun provides the pronunciation as ren shan. Jiyun provides the pronunciation as ren shan, which is the same as the pronunciation of nan. Shuowen Jiezi defines it as a fragile heart or mind. Xu Kai states that it means fragile, soft, and easily damaged. Yu Pian also defines it as a heart or mind that is anxious and fearful. Another interpretation is that it means to be afraid. Liushu Gu states that people nowadays also use this term to describe someone who is gentle, easygoing, and without ulterior motives. Also, Yu Pian provides the pronunciation as shi shan. Jiyun provides the pronunciation as shi shan, which is pronounced as shan in the rising tone. The meaning is the same.