Xu Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Metal (jīn) Kangxi Strokes: 15 Page 1308, Entry 21 Pronounced pu. According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), it refers to the handle-ring base attached to a door. It is derived from the radical for metal, with the phonetic component fu. According to the Additions to the Rhymes (Zengyun), it is the part that holds the ring; it is made in the shape of a tortoise or snake and crafted from bronze, which is why it is called a golden pu. In the Biography of Yang Xiong in the History of the Former Han Dynasty (Qianhan Shu), it is written: Pushing against the jade door and raising the golden pu. The commentary notes that pu is a door handle. Also, according to the Expanded Rhymes (Guangyun), it means to spread or to display. In the Sub-commentary to the Preface of Zhou Nan in the Book of Odes (Shijing), the term fu (to state) is equated with pu, referring to the direct narration of contemporary political affairs and moral conduct. In the commentary to the Minor Odes of the Kingdom (Xiao Ya) section of the Book of Odes, it refers to spreading out mats to enjoy peaceful leisure with the ministers. In the Greater Odes of the Kingdom (Da Ya) section, it mentions the spreading of troops along the banks of the Huai River. Also, it means to be ill, interchangeable with the character pu (ill). In the Explanation of Characters for the Zhou Nan section of the Book of Odes, it is noted that pu is pronounced fu. It is also pronounced pu. The original text sometimes uses the character pu. Also, in the Greater Odes of the Kingdom, it states that the Huai Yi tribes came to be ill. The commentary states that pu means illness. Also, it means universal. In the Minor Odes of the Kingdom section of the Book of Odes, it states that all were involved in this state. The commentary notes that pu means universal. The textual explanation notes that pu is pronounced pu. One scholar states it means illness. According to the Correction of Characters (Zhengzitong), an ancient vessel known as a pu is a type of dou (offering vessel) used for rituals and offerings. In the Illustrated Antiquities (Bogutu), it notes the Duke Liu of Zhou pu vessel, which is five inches and five fen high, one inch and six fen deep, with a mouth diameter of seven inches and six fen, holding two sheng and three he. The inscription states: Duke Liu made this Du Ru honor vessel, may it be treasured forever. Though named a pu, the vessel is in fact a dou. Pronounced fu. According to the Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), it means to arrange or to set up. Note that in the textual explanations for the Odes and the Record of Music (Yueji) in the Book of Rites (Liji), both pronunciations of fu are used. According to the Dialect (Fangyan) by Yangzi, pu means to stop. Pronounced fu. Also, according to the Dialect, yu-pu refers to fine hair or down. In the regions of Jing and Yang around the rivers and lakes, it is called yu-pu. The commentary notes this refers to the covering of an object. Pronounced fu. Also, according to the Dialect, pu-ban means to shake or to search. In eastern Qi, it is called pu-ban, equivalent to what is called dou-sou in the Qin and Jin regions. Pronounced fu. Also, according to the Collected Rhymes, pronounced bu. It means to set up. Also, according to the Expanded Rhymes and the Collected Rhymes, pronounced bu. The meaning is the same. One source identifies it as the door ring mount. According to the Collection of Rhymes (Yunhui), it refers to a shop or place of trade. According to the Correction of Characters, it is commonly written as pu. In the Zixia Ji, shops that display baskets and goods in dense, orderly rows are called star-goods shops, meaning they are arranged as densely as stars. The current term star-fire shop is incorrect.