Chen Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Tree (mù). Kangxi strokes: 14. Page 545, Entry 20. Pronounced pan. In the Shuowen Jiezi (Explaining Simple and Compound Characters), it means a receiving tray. Sometimes written with the metal radical. Sometimes written with the vessel radical. Also written as a variant form (pan). Book of Rites (Liji), Inner Rules: When visiting parents and parents-in-law, the young carry the trays and the older carry the water, requesting them to wash their hands and faces. Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Offices of Heaven, Jade Treasury: If meeting with feudal lords, provide trays and round vessels (dun) decorated with pearls and jade. Commentary: In ancient times, trays were used to hold blood, and round vessels were used to hold food. Also denotes amusement and lingering. Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Wei: Enjoying the pleasures located in the mountain stream. Zheng Xuan's commentary: Cheng means to complete. Pan means joy. Also denotes lingering or staying, not advancing. Book of Song (Songshu), Biography of Wu Xi: The enemy in the west has already been destroyed, so one should return to the court to relinquish duties, yet he deliberately lingers, using the defense of the Shu region as an excuse. Also rhyming with bian (level tone). Liu Shao of Wei, Zhao Capital Rhapsody (Zhao Du Fu): The Ox-Head Mountain and the Yu-Ming River, with ripples flowing slowly. Passing through fields and cities, winding and circling. Textual research: In Rites of Zhou, Offices of Heaven, Director of Lodgings (Zhangshe), if meeting with feudal lords, provide trays and round vessels decorated with pearls and jade. Commentary: In ancient times, trays were used to hold blood. Corrected according to the original text from Director of Lodgings to Jade Treasury. Changed vessel to blood.