You Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Speech (yán) Kangxi Strokes: 18 Page 1177, Entry 27 Pronounced miu (falling tone). In the Discussion of Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), it is defined as the wild talk of a madman. In the Collection of Refined Words (Boya), it means to mistake or to deceive. In the Jade Chapters (Yupian), it means chaotic or fraudulent. In the Broad Rhymes (Guangyun), it means to differ. In the Book of Documents (Shujing), specifically in the Charge to Jiong chapter: To restrain errors and correct mistakes, to rectify one's deviant heart. In the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biography of Li Si: Distorting their accounts and dismissing their words. In the History of the Former Han (Qianhan Shu), Biography of Sima Qian: A hair's breadth of difference leads to a thousand miles of error. In the Records of Shu (Shuzhi), Biography of Xiang Lang: Personally proofread books to edit out mistakes and errors. Also a surname. In the History of the Former Han (Qianhan Shu), Biographies of Scholars: Master Miu, a student of Master Shen. The character is the same as the character pronounced miu. It is also commonly used interchangeably with the character pronounced miu. In the Book of Rites (Liji), Great Transmission chapter: One thing is tangled and mistaken. Annotation: Tangled and mistaken is like saying erroneous. The original text is also written as the current character. In the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biography of Sima Xiangru: The Magistrate of Linqiong feigned respect. Also rhyming as mou (rising tone). In Han Yu’s Memorial for the Wife of Governor Fang (Fang Shijun Zheng Furen Biao): The path is smooth, virtue is strict, evident, and abundant; one should be long-lived and wealthy, so why this error? On the fourth day before the winter solstice of the Yongzhen era, lodging by the tomb, this is not their burial mound. Also rhyming as miao (falling tone). In Lu Ji’s Compositions on Linked Pearls (Yan Lianzhu): Movement follows fixed standards, the heavens can be observed; responses have no constant pattern, the self is sometimes hard to illuminate. Therefore, observing the shadow to gauge the sun, the full number can be expected; stroking the chest to examine the heart, sometimes there is error. In the Discussion of Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), it was originally written in a different form. In the Compilation of Rhymes (Jiyun), it is sometimes written as the character pronounced xiao.