Shen Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Grass (cǎo) Lai; Kangxi brush strokes: 14; Page 1041 Pronounced lai. As defined in the Analytical Dictionary of Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), it refers to a creeping flower. In the Comprehensive Collection of Characters (Yupian), it refers to the orach plant. In the Book of Odes (Shijing), Xiaoya section: There are lai plants on the northern mountain. The commentary notes: Lai is a type of grass. Its leaves are edible. Also, in the Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Earth Officer, County Master: Distinguish the number of households, people, and fields that are lai. The commentary notes: Lai refers to fallow land that is not cultivated. Land within the suburbs is called yi, and land outside the suburbs is called lai. Also, in the Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Earth Officer, Mountain Warden: If there is a great hunt, then clear the wild mountain fields of lai. The commentary notes: Lai refers to the removal of weeds there. In the Book of Odes (Shijing), Xiaoya section: The fields end up overgrown with weeds (wu lai). The commentary notes: Lai refers to being overgrown with weeds. Also, a place name. In the Book of Documents (Shujing), Yu Gong section: The Lai Yi people provided pasture. In the Discourses of Qi (Qiyu): Exchange fish and salt of the Qi state in Donglai. The commentary notes: Donglai refers to the region of the Lai Yi people east of the Qi state. Also, a mountain name. In the Classic of Mountains and Seas (Shanhaijing): Lai Mountain, where the trees are mostly sandalwood and paper mulberry. Also, a surname. In the Mencius: Bitter is Yi Yin and Lai Zhu. Zhao Qi commentary: Lai Zhu is the virtuous minister Zhonghui of the Shang dynasty. In the Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), Duke Wen, second year: Lai Ju served as the right-hand chariot guard. Also, as supplemented in the Rhyme Dictionary (Yunbu), pronounced li. In the Immortal Roaming Poems (Youxian Shi) by Guo Pu: What honor is there in vermilion gates, compared to taking refuge in Penglai. Bowing to the clear waves at the water's edge, gathering red sprouts on the ridges. Also, in the Broad Rhyme (Guangyun), pronounced lai. The meaning is the same. In the Erya, written as the variant form (li).