Shen Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Insect (chóng). Character: 蠃. Kangxi strokes: 19. Page 1099, Entry 15. Pronounced luo (rising tone). According to the Tang Rhyme (Tangyun), Collection Rhyme (Jiyun), Rhyme Compilation (Yunhui), and Orthodox Rhyme (Zhengyun), the pronunciation is the same as the character meaning naked. According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), it refers to the potter wasp. Detailed explanation can be found under the entry for the character guo. Also, pronounced luo. According to the Rhyme Compilation (Yunhui) and Broad Rhymes (Guangyun), it refers to a type of bivalve. Book of Changes (Yijing), section on the Discussion of Trigrams (Shuogua): The Li hexagram symbolizes the 蠃 and the clam. Literary Expositor (Erya), Interpretation of Fishes (Shiyu): When the 蠃 is small, it is called a tian. Annotation: The large 蠃 is shaped like a peck measure, produced in the Rising Sea of Rinan Commandery, and can be fashioned into a wine cup. Classic of Mountains and Seas (Shanhaijing): On Mount Huaijiang, the Qiushi River originates here, and its waters are abundant in 蠃 mothers. Guo Pu, River Rhapsody (Jiangfu): Mentions the parrot 蠃 and the spiral snail. Annotation: The Record of Strange Things in the Southern Regions (Nanzhou Yiwuzhi) states: The nautilus is shaped like an inverted cup; its head resembles that of a bird, and when viewed with its head turned toward its abdomen, it looks like a parrot, which is why it is named as such. Also refers to a type of fish. Classic of Mountains and Seas (Shanhaijing): The Meng River abounds with 蠃 fish, which possess the body of a fish and the wings of a bird. Its cry sounds like a mandarin duck, and its appearance heralds great floods. Annotation: The reference in the Rhapsody on the Yangtze and Han Rivers (Jianghanfu) by Emperor Ruizong regarding the winged flying rays and 蠃 in the Heavenly Pool refers to this fish and the wenyao fish. Also refers to a type of boat. Records of Picking up Lost Traditions (Shiyiji): Qin Shi Huang was fond of the arts of immortals; people from the Wanqu Kingdom arrived riding in spiral boats. The boats were shaped like snails and could travel submerged in the sea without taking on water. Also refers to a type of plant. Materia Medica (Bencao): The 蠃yan plant, which grows on stones; its leaves are shaped like a snail operculum, slightly reddish and lustrous. Also refers to a mountain. Commentary on the Water Classic (Shuijingzhu): The Yangtze River then passes to the left of Mount Bailuo. Also, pronounced guo. Luolan is the name of a carriage used during the mourning period. According to the Broad Rhymes (Guangyun), it was originally written as the character for spiral shell. According to the Collection Rhyme (Jiyun), it is also sometimes written as the characters for limpet or snail.