Yin Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Mountain (shān) Kun Kangxi strokes: 11 Page 313, Entry 22 Pronounced kun. Kunlun, name of a mountain. Commentary on the Water Classic (Shuijing Zhu): The mountain is in the northwest, fifty thousand li from Mount Song, located in the center of the earth. It is eleven thousand and one hundred li high. The Yellow River originates from its northeast corner, winds toward the southeast, and flows into the Bohai Sea. Annotations on the Kunlun Mountains in the History of the Former Han (Qianhan Shu): The mountain is over two thousand five hundred li high. The sun and moon alternately appear and disappear here, creating the light of day and night. Records of the Ten Continents in the Bohai Sea (Bohai Shizhou Ji): The Kunlun Mountains have three peaks. One peak faces the North Star and is named Langfeng Peak. One faces the west and is named Xuanpu Terrace. One faces the east and is named Kunlun Palace, where there are five cities and twelve towers. Also, in the Erya, Explaining Mounds (Erya, Shiqiu): A three-tiered earthen mound is called a Kunlun mound. Annotation: Kunlun mountains have three tiers, and earthen mounds also have three tiers, which is why it bears this name. It is also written as a variant form (kunlun). The meaning is the same. Also, in the Classic of Mountains and Seas (Shanhai Jing): The Kunlun mountain within the seas, located in the northwest, is the capital of the Heavenly Emperor in the lower realm. It is eight hundred li in circumference and ten thousand ren high. In front of the mountain are nine wells with jade railings, surrounded by nine gates guarded by the Kai-ming beast. Annotation: Specifying within the seas indicates that there are other Kunlun mountains overseas. Furthermore, Zhang Qian crossed the Western Sea to reach the Da Qin Wuchi state and again saw the Western Sea, where there is a Small Kunlun Mountain on the shore, ten thousand ren high. During the Yongping era, Dou Gu exited the Kunlun Pass at Dunhuang and defeated the Baishui Hu people at Pulei Sea. Records of Myriad Things (Bowuzhi) cites the Hetu Kuodixiang, which states: The Kunlun Mountains are ten thousand li wide, and springs flowing south into China are called the Yellow River. Eighty cities surround it; China occupies only a portion of it, and it is so. Also, name of a state. Book of Documents, Tribute of Yu (Shu, Yugong): Woven skins from Kunlun. Commentary: Kunlun is beyond the remote border regions and within the shifting sands. According to the Hymns for Suburban Sacrifices in the History of the Former Han (Qianhan Shu, Jiaosige) and Yang Xiong's Rhapsody on the Sweet Spring (Ganquan Fu), Kunlun is always written in the simplified form (kunlun), which conveys the same meaning.