Mao Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Heart (xīn) Kangxi strokes: 17 Page 404, Entry 46 Pronounced jing (third tone) Discussed in the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi) as meaning respectful. The character structure is composed of the heart radical and the phonetic component for respect. It is interchangeable with the character meaning to warn. According to the Xunzi (Xunzi): Do not selfishly punish the guilty, but be watchful of the two weapons of leather. Note: The character means to be on guard. Leather refers to armor. Two refers to preparations. This implies one should not punish the guilty out of selfishness, but out of a concern for potential retaliation, thus keeping weapons and armor ready for defense. Pronounced qiang (third tone). The meaning is the same. Pronounced jing (fourth tone). Same as the character for respect. It was originally written as the character for respect, and some forms are written with the heart radical. The Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi) defines it as grave and respectful.