Xu Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Page (yè) Kangxi stroke count: 17 Page 1406, Entry 16 Pronounced xian (falling tone). As cited in The Broadly Revised Dictionary of Sounds and Rhymes (Guangyun) and The Collected Rhymes (Jiyun). In The Broadly Revised Dictionary of Sounds and Rhymes, it refers to a type of ornamentation. Also pronounced jiong (rising tone), as cited in The Broadly Revised Dictionary of Sounds and Rhymes and The Collected Rhymes. According to the Correct Meaning Guide (Zhengzitong), it is similar to ramie and can be woven into cloth. As cited in the Book of Rites (Liji), specifically in the Miscellaneous Records (Zaji): If it is like a three-year mourning period, then one has already worn the jiong mourning garments, and then proceeds to perform the lian and xiang sacrificial rites. The commentary states that this refers to current mourning customs, where one has already worn mourning garments made of jiong cloth, and then changes out of mourning clothes for those who had a three-year mourning period to perform the lian and xiang rites. Jiong is the name of a plant; in places where there is no kudzu cloth, one uses jiong cloth in place of hemp cloth. Also refers to an unlined garment, as cited in The Collected Rhymes of the Five Sounds (Wuyinjiyun). As cited in the Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial (Yili), specifically in the Wedding Rites for Scholars (Shihunli): The female attendants all wore unlined black robes, with hairnets and hairpins, and an embroidered jiong garment worn behind. The commentary states that jiong is an unlined garment. The sub-commentary notes that the pronunciation is the same as the word jiong in the expression jiong garment from the Book of Odes (Shijing), and thus it refers to an unlined garment. Also pronounced jiong (level tone), as cited in The Collected Rhymes. The meaning is the same.