Yin Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Wide (guǎng) Kangxi Strokes: 14 Page 349, Entry 25 Classical citations: Tang Rhyme (Tangyun), Collection of Rhymes (Jiyun), Rhyme Compendium (Yunhui), and Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun) state the pronunciation is jiu (falling tone). Explanation from Analytical Dictionary of Chinese Characters (Shuowen Jiezi): A stable for horses. Explanation from Explanations of Names (Shiming): A stable implies gathering. It is the place where live horses are gathered. Record in Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Ministry of Summer, The Equine Supervisors (Jiaoren): Three teams of four horses make one zao, three zao make one xi, six xi make one jiu, and six jiu make one xiao. Note: From teams to stables, the total is two hundred and sixteen horses. Record in Book of Odes (Shijing), Lesser Odes of the Kingdom (Xiao Ya): The team of horses is in the stable. Also refers to a government office title. Record in Zuo Commentary (Zuo Zhuan), 15th year of Duke Xiang: Yang Youji served as the Director of the Palace Stables. Record in 27th year of Duke Zhao: The Left Director and the Middle Stable Director. Record in History of Tang (Tangshu), Treatise on Official Posts: The Prefect of the Bureau of Stables was responsible for feeding cattle and horses, and providing for miscellaneous livestock. Also a surname. Record in Examination of Surnames (Xingkao): Qiji, the great-grandson of the Chu state Prime Minister Ziwen, served as the Stable Director, and thus adopted this official post as a surname. Textual Research: In the Zuo Commentary (Zuo Zhuan), 15th year of Duke Xiang, the text reads as Yang Youji served as official stables. Following the original text, the word official has been changed to palace, and the word director has been added after the word stable.