Mao Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Tapping (pū) Kangxi Strokes: 11 Page 470, Entry 38 Ancient form. Pronounced guxiao (falling tone). Also pronounced juxiao (falling tone), with a pronunciation identical to jiao (falling tone). Explanations in the Explanations of Characters (Shuowen Jiezi) state: That which is implemented above, is imitated below. Explanations in the Explanations of Names (Shiming) state: Teaching is imitation; it is that which those below model themselves upon. Explanations in the Expanded Rhymes (Guangyun) state: To instruct and admonish. Explanations in the Jade Chapter (Yupian) state: Command or decree. The Book of Changes (Yijing), Hexagram Guan, states: The sages use the way of the spirits to establish instruction. The Book of Documents (Shangshu), Canon of Shun, states: Respectfully implement the five types of instruction, remaining broad and kind. The Commentary states: This refers to implementing the instruction of the five human relationships. Furthermore, the Book of Rites (Liji), Royal Regulations, states: Clarify the seven types of instruction to promote the morality of the people. The Notes state: The seven types of instruction refer to the relationships of father and son, brothers, husband and wife, ruler and subject, elders and youth, guests, and friends. The Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Earth Officers, Minister of Instruction, states: Direct them to lead their subordinates and oversee the instruction of the state. The Notes state: Instruction is used to bring the people closer and to train the five categories of human relationships; there were five types of instruction in the era of Yu Shun, and twelve in the Zhou dynasty. The Book of Rites (Liji), Summary of the Rules of Propriety (Quli), states: To instruct and admonish, and to rectify customs, one cannot do so without the system of rites. The Xunzi, Chapter on Self-Cultivation, states: To guide others through virtuous actions is called instruction. Furthermore, Cai Yong's Decisive Judgments (Duduan) states: The pronouncements of feudal lords are called instructions. The Zhengzitong states: These are words of notification, and their meaning is the same as that of a decree. Additionally, pronounced guyao (level tone). Also pronounced juyao (level tone), with a pronunciation identical to jiao (level tone). The meaning remains the same. The character is composed of the components for child/imitation and tapping.