Wu Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Jade (yù) Ring Kangxi Brush strokes: 18 Page 743, Entry 17 Pronounced huan Shuowen Jiezi (Shuowen): A type of jade disc (bi). Yupian (Yupian): A jade ring. Erya, Explanation of Vessels (Erya): A ring is where the central hole and the outer rim are of equal width. Annotation: The width of the edge and the size of the hole are balanced. Book of Rites (Liji), Treatise on the Meaning of the Ceremonies: When walking, there is the sound of ringing pendants. Annotation: A ring is valued for its endless, circular nature. Also, Yupian: To wrap around. Zheng Yun (Zheng Yun): To circle or surround. Book of Rites (Liji), Miscellaneous Records (Zaji): During the small encoffining, use a ring-shaped sash. Commentary: A ring-shaped sash is a name for a sash that circles and wraps around. Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Winter Offices, Artificers Record (Kaogongji): A circular road of seven carriage-track widths. Annotation: In older editions, the character for ring was sometimes written as the variant form (huan). A circular road refers to a road that encircles a city. Also, Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Spring Offices, Music Master (Yueshi): Perform circular obeisances, using bells and drums to set the rhythm. Annotation: Circular means to spin or rotate. Also, Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial (Yili), Master's Funeral Rites: The cloth napkin should have a ring-shaped border, not notched. Annotation: A ring-shaped border means the width and length are equal. Also, Shiming (Shiming): The hilt of a sword is called a ring, as its shape resembles a ring. Also, Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Qin (Qinfeng): The roaming rings, the side straps drive. Commentary: The roaming ring is the harness ring. Also, Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Winter Offices, Artificers Record (Kaogongji): The flaws in a fine drum are like piled-up rings. Commentary: Both flaw and ring refer to the texture of the lacquer. Also, a surname. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Hereditary House of Tian Jingzhong: Seventy-six followers of Huan Yuan. Annotation: A record by a Chu man, Master Meng, says: Huan Yuan wrote a book in two parts. Wuyin Jiyun (Wuyin Jiyun): In ancient times, there was a virtuous man of Chu named Huan Yuan; later, there was Huan Qi, who wrote a book entitled Summary. Also, a personal name. Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), Year 14 of Duke Xiang: Now I command you, Huan. Annotation: The given name of Duke Ling of Qi. Strategies of the Warring States (Zhanguoce): The King of Chu asked Fan Huan. Commentary: In some histories, Huan is written as a variant form (xuan). Also, an official title. Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), Year 1 of Duke Wen: And oversee the official of the encircling ranks. Annotation: An official of palace defense. Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Summer Offices: The Circle Officer (Huan Ren) is in charge of challenging the enemy, investigating military treachery, and patrolling the four quarters for incidents. Annotation: This means patrolling inside and outside, as if following a circular path without end. Challenging the enemy means provoking them to come out. Military treachery refers to the enemy secretly infiltrating our troops. When there are military threats from the four quarters, they patrol around them in a circle. Also, a type of tool. Yang Xiong's Dialects (Fangyan): Between the states of Song, Wei, Chu, and the Jiang and Huai rivers, it is called a wrapper. Sometimes it is called a ring. Annotation: A wrapper is a cross-bar for a silk-reeling frame. Also, a river name. Classic of Mountains and Seas (Shanhaijing): The Ring River originates from Mount Tai. Also, a prefecture name. Yunhui (Yunhui): Located in the ancient Shofang Mingzha region; during the Sui Dynasty, Huan Prefecture was established, named for the way the great river curves around it. Also, in the uncivilized regions of Guangnan, during the Tang Dynasty, Huan Prefecture was established for the newly subjugated tribes. Also, Yunhui (Yunhui): Huanyuan, a country name. Also, Ring Dog, the name of a foreign country. Classic of Mountains and Seas (Shanhaijing): Ring Dog people have the heads of beasts and the bodies of humans. Also, commonly written as the variant form (huan). Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Winter Offices, Artificers Record (Kaogongji): Paint the fire pattern in a circle. Annotation: The circular shape resembles fire, like a half-ring. Also, commonly written as the variant form (yuan). Book of Han (Hanshu), Treatise on the Five Phases: A copper ring at the palace gate. Also, Pronounced huan. Jiyun (Jiyun): To retreat or turn back. Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Summer Offices: The Circle Officer (Huan Ren). Liu Changzong reads this as such. Also, Yunhui (Yunhui): To wrap, to encircle. Book of Han (Hanshu), Annals of Emperor Gao: Defended Puyang by encircling it with water. Annotation: Pronounced huan; it means diverting water to surround and secure the area. Also, Biography of Xiang Yu: Therefore, he enclosed three counties around it. Annotation: Encircling three counties of Nanpi to bestow as a fief. Pronounced huan. Also, Yunbu (Yunbu): Rhymes with xuan. Ma Rong, Eulogy on the Vast Park (Guangcheng Song): Housing the phoenix in the tall wu tree, lodging the qilin in the western garden. Receiving the precious feathers of the Jiaoyao people, accepting the white ring of the Queen Mother. Also, rhymes with huan. Ban Gu, Western Capital Rhapsody (Xidu Fu): Adorned with separate palaces and distinctive chambers, supported by lofty terraces and quiet halls. Glowing like the arranged constellations, this is the ring of the Purple Palace. Also, rhymes with xuan. Wang Yanshou, Rhapsody on the Lingguang Palace of Lu (Lu Lingguang Dian Fu): Connected pavilions support the palaces, and galloping tracks encircle them. Sunny terraces gaze outward, high towers and flying observatories. Long paths rise and fall, railings and balustrades stretch continuously.