Mao Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Heart (xīn) Hun Kangxi strokes: 12 Page 391, Entry 09 Tang Rhyme (Tangyun), Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), Rhyme Meetings (Yunhui), and Orthodox Rhymes (Zhengyun) all state it is pronounced hun. According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi): To not understand. The character is formed by Heart and Hun, with Hun indicating the sound. Guangyun dictionary: Unclear, not understanding. Orthodox Rhymes (Zhengyun): A mind that does not understand. Collected Rhymes (Jiyun) records: Sometimes written in variant forms (min) or (chi). Also, Collected Rhymes (Jiyun) states it is pronounced min, meaning dim or confused. Zhuangzi (Zhuangzi): In the chapter Knowledge Wanders North, it states, He is confused as if lost, yet he exists. This is how Guo Xiang read it. Also, Collected Rhymes (Jiyun) and Rhyme Meetings (Yunhui) state it is pronounced ben, describing a state of trance or frantic haste. Guangyun dictionary states it is pronounced hun, while Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), Rhyme Meetings (Yunhui), and Orthodox Rhymes (Zhengyun) state it is pronounced hun, with the same sound as the character hun. Guangyun dictionary: Confused and forgetful. Book of Rites (Liji): In the section Summary of Rituals, it records that those of eighty or ninety years of age are called mao. The commentary explains: Mao means confused and forgetful. Guanzi (Guanzi): In the section Four Seasons, there is the sentence, The five are vast and spreading, the six are confused and dim; who knows them? Also, Collected Rhymes (Jiyun) and Rhyme Meetings (Yunhui) state it is pronounced men. The meaning is the same as men. Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi): Agitated or depressed. Sometimes written as hun. Note: In ancient texts, the characters for hun and hun often appear interchangeably and are generally considered synonymous.