Chen Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Tree (mù). Kangxi Stroke Count: 16. Page 555, Entry 10. Pronounced hong (rising tone). According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), it refers to a barrier or crossbar made of wood. Also, vertical and horizontal. East and west are called longitudinal, north and south are called horizontal. Also written as zongheng. In the Biography of Su Qin from the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), it mentions the vertical alliance and the horizontal alliance. According to the Sound and Meaning of the History of the Former Han (Hanshu Yinyi), uniting interests is called vertical, and coercing others with power is called horizontal. Also, from the Leaving Speech chapter of the Lu Shi Chunqiu, it mentions losing the meaning of vertical and the affairs of horizontal. The commentary notes that the six states east of the mountain passes were vertical, and the state west of the passes was horizontal. Another theory states that six attacking one is vertical, and one separating the six is horizontal. Also, from the Chuci, it mentions not knowing the horizontal and the vertical. The commentary notes that latitudinal is horizontal, and longitudinal is vertical. Also, a star name. According to the Treatise on Astronomy in the History of the Former Han, beside Wangliang there are eight stars crossing the Milky Way, called the Heavenly Horizontal. Also, a county name. According to the Treatise on Geography in the History of the Former Han, Heng County belonged to Langye Commandery. Also, a school building. Interchangeable with hong. From the Biography of Bao De in the History of the Later Han, he repaired and built the horizontal lodges. Also, a surname. According to the Comprehensive Records of Customs (Fengsutong), the son of the King of Han was titled Lord of Hengyang, and his descendants took this as their clan name. Also, pronounced huang. From the Chuci, the Nine Arguments, it mentions the branches tangled and crossing horizontally. Also, a grass name. According to the Erya, a dictionary of definitions, it is called a fu or a horizontal eye. The commentary notes it is also called knot-weed, colloquially known as drum-zither grass. Also, pronounced guang. A gate name in the Han dynasty. Also, pronounced heng (falling-rising tone). Contrary to reason. According to the Mencius, treating one with horizontal perversity. According to the Biography of the King of Wu in the History of the Former Han, the King of Wu became increasingly horizontal and perverse. Also, a name for a divination omen. According to the Annals of Emperor Wen in the History of the Former Han, the divination omen resulted in a great horizontal. Also, pronounced guang (falling tone). Vital energy fully expanded. According to the Record of Music in the Book of Rites (Liji), the sound of the bell is resonant to establish a signal, the signal to establish horizontal energy, and horizontal energy to establish martial spirit. Also, according to the Classificatory Dictionary (Leipian), the feet of a sacrificial stand are cross-pieces of wood.