Wei Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Net (wǎng) Character: Punishment Kangxi Stroke Count: 15 Page 948, Entry 01 Guangyun (Guangyun), Jiyun (Jiyun), and Yunhui (Yunhui) define the pronunciation as fa (falling tone). Shuowen (Shuowen) states: A minor crime. Composed of the radicals for knife and to scold. Not yet having harmed anyone with a knife, but holding a knife while scolding, is considered a punishable offense. Spring and Autumn (Chunqiu) Yuanmingbao (Yuanmingbao) states: To speak without restraint is to scold; to scold while holding a knife is to punish. Punishment is a term for preventing one from falling into harm. Book of Changes (Yijing), Yu Hexagram: When punishments are applied with clarity, the people will be submissive. Book of Documents (Shangshu), Canon of Lu: Use the five punishments to rectify the five types of faults. Commentary: To pay gold in order to redeem oneself from a crime. Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Earth Office, Ministry of Salvation: For all commoners who have deviant or evil behavior, administer three warnings and then apply punishment. Annotation: Punishment refers to whipping or striking. Also, Yunbu (Yunbu) notes the pronunciation variant fu (falling tone). Jiang Yan, Eulogy for Emperor Gao of the Qi Dynasty: Weaving the loom to cut away the thieves, lightly revising the statutes on punishment. Cherishing broad compassion, joining the lowly and practicing universal love. The character love is pronounced qi (falling tone). Note: According to Shuowen (Shuowen), this character belongs in the Knife radical section, but it is now integrated here. Textual Research: In Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Earth Office, Ministry of Instruction, the text says, For all commoners who have deviant or evil behavior, administer three warnings and then punish them. Following the original text, Ministry of Instruction has been changed to Ministry of Salvation. The character following the phrase administer three warnings and then apply punishment has been omitted.