Collected Rhymes (Jiyun) and Rhyme Compilation (Yunhui) state that it is pronounced fen. Jade Chapter (Yupian) defines it as rice that has been half-steamed. Explaining Names (Shiming) states: The word fen implies dividing, referring to rice grains that are separated from one another. Further, Erya, Explaining Words (Erya Shiyan) mentions fen-liu, which means thoroughly cooked. The commentary states: Today, cooked rice is called fen, and when that rice is steamed to completion, it is called liu. The sub-commentary explains: Ren means cooked. Sun Yan says: Steaming rice is called fen, and heating it evenly is called liu. Guo Pu says: Today, cooked rice is called fen, and when that rice is steamed to completion, it is called liu. Explanations of Graphs (Shuowen) states that fen is rice that has been steamed once, and liu is the flow of steam through the rice. Thus, rice is steamed into fen, and fen must undergo liu to be fully cooked; therefore, fen-liu means thoroughly cooked. Greater Odes of the Kingdom, Welling Draw (Daya Jiongzhuo) mentions it can be used for steaming. Fen and another variant form (fen) are identical in pronunciation and meaning. Explanations of Graphs (Shuowen) originally wrote it as a variant form. Collection of Characters (Zihui) simplified it as fen and categorized it under the twelve-stroke radical, which is incorrect. This is now corrected. The character originally belongs to the Cowrie radical and not the Food radical. Critical examination: In the commentary to Erya, it states: Today, rice is called fen, and when fen is cooked, it is called liu. In the sub-commentary, it notes that Guo Pu says: Today, rice is called fen, and when fen is cooked, it is called liu. We have carefully corrected both instances of the original character in the text to fen.