Chou Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Mouth (kǒu) Character: er Kangxi strokes: 11 Page 193, Entry 23 Broad Rimes (Guangyun): Pronounced er. Collected Rimes (Jiyun), Dictionary of Rimes (Yunhui), and Orthodox Rimes (Zhengyun): Pronounced er. Broad Rimes (Guangyun): The appearance of yielding or complying. Collected Rimes (Jiyun): To smile forcedly. Songs of Chu (Chucheng), Divination (Buju): With forced smiles and fawning laughter. Commentary: Both refer to the appearance of forced smiling. Another form is written as er. Also: Broad Rimes (Guangyun) and Collected Rimes (Jiyun): Pronounced wa. Dictionary of Rimes (Yunhui): Pronounced wa. Jade Chapters (Yupian): To babble, the speech of a small child. Broad Rimes (Guangyun): The sound of cooing. Xunzi, On Enriching the State (Fuguo): To pat and soothe, to comfort with cooing sounds. Huainanzi, Summary of Essentials (Yaolue): The gaps of forced smiles and gritted teeth. Broad Rimes (Guangyun) and Collected Rimes (Jiyun): Written as er. Also: Collected Rimes (Jiyun): Pronounced xi. The meaning is the same.