Xu Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Metal (jīn) 鐸 Kangxi strokes: 21 Page 1323, Entry 01 Tang Rhymes (Tangyun): Pronounced duo. Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), Rhyme Compilation (Yunhui), and Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun): Pronounced duo. Pronounced duo. Shuowen Jiezi (Shuowen): A large bell. According to military law, five men make a squad, five squads make a platoon, and the platoon commander carries a bell. Jade Compilation (Yupian): A tool used to announce teachings and orders. Explanation of Names (Shiming): A bell is a measure. It serves as the limit and standard for commands. Book of Documents (Shujing), Yin Zheng section: The collector of songs shook the wooden-tongued bell while traveling on the road to make announcements. Commentary: The wooden-tongued bell has a metal frame and a wooden clapper, used to promote literature and education. Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Offices of Heaven, Junior Minister: Shaking the wooden-tongued bell while patrolling. Annotation: In ancient times, whenever a new order was to be issued, the wooden-tongued bell was shaken to alert the people. The wooden-tongued bell has a wooden clapper. The wooden-tongued bell is used for matters of literature and education, while the metal-tongued bell is used for military matters. Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Earth Offices, Drum Master: Using the metal bell to transmit drum signals. Annotation: The bell is a large bell. It is shaken to transmit the sound of drums. Also, an ox bell. A New Account of Tales of the World (Shishuo): Xun Xu of the Jin dynasty heard the sound of an ox bell belonging to a merchant from Zhao and was able to identify the pitch. When he was later in charge of music, the tuning was not accurate, and he said that if he could obtain the ox bell of the Zhao merchant, the pitch would be harmonious. He ordered the various commanderies and states to send their ox bells; upon receiving them, the pitch was indeed corrected. Also, in Reminiscences of the Kaiyuan Period (Kaiyuan Yishi): Fragments of jade were hung from the eaves of palaces; when moved by the wind, they sounded like ringing pendants. These were called wind-sensing bells. Also, a place name. Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), 16th Year of Duke Xi: The Di people invaded the state of Jin and captured Hu, Shou, and Duo. Annotation: Shou and Duo are place names in the state of Jin, located north of the Fen River. Also, a state name. Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), 16th Year of Duke Xuan: Shi Hui of the Jin state led his troops to destroy the Jia clan of the Red Di, as well as the states of Liuxu and Duochen. Annotation: Duochen was a vassal state of Liuxu. Also, a palace name. Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), 3rd Year of Duke Ai: A fire occurred at the Si Duo Palace. Annotation: Si Duo is the name of a palace. Also, a surname. Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), 18th Year of Duke Cheng: Duo E served as the Senior Army Commandant. History of the Former Han (Qianhan), Treatise on Literature and Arts: The Duo Family Nuances (Duo Shi Wei), in three volumes. Annotation: The author was Duo Jiao, the Grand Tutor of the state of Chu. Also, a person's name. Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), 28th Year of Duke Xi: Cao Shu Zhenduo. Also, 13th Year of Duke Zhao: Si Duoshe. Annotation: He was a grand officer of the state of Lu. Textual Corrections: In Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Earth Offices, section on the keeper of boundaries, it says: using the metal bell to transmit drum signals. According to the original text, this has been corrected from keeper of boundaries to drum master. In Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), 16th Year of Duke Xuan, it says: Jin's Shi Hui led troops, destroying the Red Jia Di clan, as well as Liuxu and Duochen. According to the original text, this has been corrected from Red Jia Di clan to the Jia clan of the Red Di.