Hai Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Horse (mǎ) Entry: 22 Page 1445, Entry 02 According to the Standard Character Dictionary (Zhengzitong), it is pronounced zhan (rising tone), with a sound identical to the rising tone of zhan. A horse not equipped with a saddle or bridle is called a zhan. According to the Chuiwan Collection, zhan refers to riding a horse without a saddle. In the Youthful Endeavors (Shaonian Xing) by Linghu Chu: In my youth at the frontier provinces, I was accustomed to being unrestrained and reckless, riding Hu horses without saddles to hunt yellow sheep. Now that I am old and infirm, lacking the strength I once had, I can only lean alone against the barracks gate, counting the lines of wild geese flying overhead.