Mao Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Heart (xīn) Character: 慙 Kangxi strokes: 15 Page 398, Entry 39 Pronounced zan According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), it means to feel ashamed. In the Book of Documents (Shujing), specifically the Announcement of Zhonghui, it is written: Only then will one have reason for shame. Also, in the Minor Erya (Xiao Erya), it is stated that failing to be upright and losing one's integrity is called being ashamed.