Mao Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Heart (xīn) Character: Can Kangxi strokes: 15 Page 398, Entry 38 Pronounced can (rising tone). Meaning: Pain or suffering. Book of Odes (Shijing): With heart grieving and suffering. Also: Cruel or toxic. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biography of Harsh Officials: Although cruel and harsh, this fits his position. Also: Pronounced can (falling-rising tone). Meaning the same. Also: Rhyming variant pronounced cuo (falling tone). Book of Odes (Shijing): Great Heaven is very clear, my life is without joy. Looking at you in a daze, my heart is suffering.