Zi Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Person (rén) 保 Kangxi Strokes: 9 Page 105, Entry 17 Ancient character. Broad Rhymes (Guangyun), Collection of Rhymes (Jiyun), and Dictionary of Rhymes (Yunhui) all state the pronunciation as bao (rising tone). Standard Dictionary of Rhymes (Zhengyun) states the pronunciation as bao (falling tone). Meaning: to settle or secure. Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Offices of Heaven: With the eight governing principles, assist the King in managing the ten thousand people; the fifth is to secure the meritorious. Commentary: To secure the meritorious means to settle those who have achieved merit. Also, to rely upon, or to guard. Also, Monthly Ordinances of the Rites (Yueling): Those in the four border regions enter the inner fortress for safety. Commentary: A small city is called a bao. Also, the walls of a capital city are called a bao. Also, to vouch for or take responsibility. Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Earthly Offices, Grand Minister of Instruction: Order five families to form a group, causing them to take responsibility for one another. Commentary: Bao means to vouch for. Also, to protect or assist. Book of Documents (Shangshu), Announcement of the Duke of Shao (Zhaogao): Heaven guided and protected them. Commentary: To rectify the mandate of the Xia dynasty and protect it. Also, Book of Odes (Shijing), Lesser Odes (Xiaoya): Heaven protects and stabilizes you; it is indeed very firm. Also, Explaining Graphs (Shuowen): To nurture. Supplementary Rhymes (Zengyun): To hold in one's arms. Book of Documents (Shangshu), Official Statutes of Zhou (Zhouguan): Appoint the Grand Tutor, the Grand Mentor, and the Grand Guardian. Record of the Crown Prince Wen Wang in the Rites (Liji): When inside, there is a guardian; when outside, there is a teacher. History of the Former Han (Qianhan Shu), Annals of Emperor Xuan: Once possessed the merit of nurturing and protection. Commentary: A means to lean upon; bao means to nurture. Biography of Jia Yi: A guardian is one who protects the body. Also, Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biography of Luan Bu: Being poor and destitute, he was hired out in Qi, working as a servant for a wine merchant. Commentary: To work as a servant for a wine merchant. Also, a surname. Springs and Autumns of Mr. Lu (Lüshi Chunqiu): Bao Shen of Chu served as the tutor to King Wen. Also, used interchangeably with bao (swaddling clothes). Monthly Ordinances of the Rites (Yueling): The guards and assistants in the imperial stables. Commentary: This is used like clothing; bao is the same as swaddling clothes. Also rhymes with bo, pronounced bu (rising tone). Yi Lin: In the southeast is their door; wind and rain do not enter. Gracious and benevolent people, father and son protect each other. Also rhymes with bao, pronounced bao (falling tone). Book of Odes (Shijing), Greater Odes (Daya): Without end, he also protects. Rhymes with miao. Textual Research: Rites of Zhou, Offices of Heaven, eight governing principles, assist the King in managing the ten thousand people; the fifth is to secure the meritorious. Commentary: To secure the meritorious means to settle those who have achieved merit. Note: In accordance with the original text, the character yi was added after eight governing principles, and the two instances of meritorious-secure were corrected to secure-meritorious. History of the Former Han, Annals of Emperor Xuan, merit of nurturing and protection. Note: In accordance with the original text, the two characters chang-you were added before nurturing-protection. Jia Yi, Policy of Peace and Order, A guardian is one who protects the body. Note: In accordance with the original book, this has been corrected to Biography of Jia Yi.